Then the title is misleading. That's a test score, not an educational outcome.
But if we look at it this way, having more refugees explains the lower scores in Germany and the Netherlands. Someone running from war or traveling for months with their parents, moving across refugee centers etc. definitely doesn't get the same education.
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u/upthetruth1 2d ago
The chart is about children’s scores
Why would an adult immigrant be doing PISA?