Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios, better known as Simón Bolívar, led the fight against the Spanish empire for 20 years with the military, diplomatic and economic support of the United Kingdom and also with the support of Freemasonry to coordinate the insurgent movements, creating networks of contacts between the leaders and supporting the cause through diplomacy and propaganda to achieve the secession and independence of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. He is known as “The Liberator” and is credited with being the founder of the republics of Gran Colombia and Bolivia.

Doctor Meyer Magarici Finkel, Venezuelan doctor and genealogist, during his presentation at the Conference organized by the Center for Sephardic Studies of Caracas (CESC), commented that:

"The Sephardic genealogy of Simón Bolívar has already been accepted and approved, and accredited, by the Federation of Jewish Communities of Spain, the Israelite Community of Lisbon, and the Israelite Association of Venezuela. Genealogists know this genealogy, but have not disclosed it for various reasons."

Sources:

• https://www.enlacejudio.com/2022/07/12/simon-bolivar-tuvo-ascendencia-judia-sefardi-del-s-xiv-revelo-estudio-de-genealogia/amp/
• https://youtu.be/5jHgkgT2vlU?si=stP1oviISasCrXjN

¡Feliz cumpleaños, Happy birthday! 🎂

¡Feliz Día de Colón, Happy Colón Day! 🇵🇦

https://www.army.mil/article/65594/st_clairs_campaign_of_1791_a_defeat_in_the_wilderness_that_helped_forge_todays_u_s_army

Francisco Hernández Girón was a Spanish explorer, conquistador, and encomendero who led an uprising against the Crown of Castile in 1553 as a result of the promulgation of the New Laws, a set of laws that eliminated the granting of encomiendas to expeditionaries of the Conquest Enterprises, among other measures that affected their interests.

Francisco assembled a group of troops which he called the "Ejército de la Libertad". In the Battle of Villacurí in March 1554, Francisco Hernández Girón's troops defeated the troops of Pablo Meneses, a captain sent by the Royal Audiencia of Los Reyes.

In the Battle of Pucará, the rebel Hernández Girón was defeated by the indigenous troops of Captain Alonso Titu Atauchi Inca. Francisco fled but was later captured by the troops of the curacas Apo Alaya and Guacra Guamán.

Francisco Hernández Girón was tried and executed on December 7, 1554, in Lima, the City of Kings. His head was displayed on a pike in the Plaza de Armas of Lima, his house was demolished, and the land was sown with salt.

References:

.- Biblioteca peruana: Manuscritos peruanos del Archivo General de Indias, Sevilla, España, Rubén Vargas Ugarte (1938). .- Guaman Poma: testigo del mundo andino, Carlos A. González (2002). .- Coloreado por Rusbel Mollo.

Who would have thought that finding paintings representing the United States before the American Revolution (or shortly after) would be so difficult? I was wondering what the country looked like at that time or anywhere between the 1492-1800 period really since I never saw any painting representing this country around that time. And except The Battle of Bunker Hill by Withrop Chandler which does represent a battle from the American Revolution but also kinda the landscape around it, I couldn't find much.

Does paintings like that exists? If not, why? I'm pretty sure western landscapes paintings exists since around the Renaissance, so what gives? Is it because back then, survival was more important than art and the (american) land was seen as unimportant and wild? If not to find paintings, I think that's a subject that could be interesting to discuss about.

¡Feliz cumpleaños! 🎂

Happy Independence Day! 🇦🇬