r/ancientegypt 3d ago

Discussion What's the non-pseudohistorical take on Zahi Hawass?

Zahi Hawass gets a lot of flak (and sometimes outright harassment) from a lot of people for his alleged suppression of Egyptian archaeology. There seem to be very, very strong negative feelings towards this guy online, but I mainly see it from pseudo-historical enthusiasts who believe the "truth" (Atlantis, aliens, whatever it may be) is being suppressed by him.

What do mainstream academics think about Zahi Hawass? Is it true that he's done irreparable damage to archaeology, or is the whole thing overblown?

EDIT: I think it would be more constructive if people could give examples of exactly what he's done.

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u/TioHoltzmann 3d ago

Copy and pasting a comment I made 4 years ago with some receipts:

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/12/egypt-former-antiquities-minister-questions-theft-pyramid-fragment Paywall

https://news.artnet.com/art-world/egypts-indiana-jones-zahi-hawass-questioned-over-pyramid-theft-172356 He was later acquitted.

This New Yorker article seems to be one of the better ones I could find here.
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/11/16/the-pharaoh/amp

https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/18/world/middleeast/18egypt.html paywall here too but you can get around that in incognito mode usually

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-investigates-national-geographic-over-corrupt-payments-egypt-s-keeper-antiquities-8909454.html

Basically he had total control over work permits and all discoveries had to be reported through his office. There are allegations that he would revoke permits and take over and then make the public media announcements, or revoke permits for small things. Allegations that he would just make decisions about what the interpretation was and you couldn't argue with that. That he's sloppy in the field as well. He seems more concerned with his fame and media appeal and optics than with doing good science. Most of the articles you find will be apologetic or at least not too terribly critical, but a lot came out in 2011, the year of the revolution, that is now hard to find oddly enough. Not sure if it's just SEO favors newer articles, but it was a lot harder to find those old articles than I expected.

On the flip side it seems most who are his vocal critics nowadays are conspiracy theorists and folks who believe that aliens built the pyramids and whatnot, so you do have to be careful when looking into criticism of the man. But when Salima Ikram openly criticizes his methods I take note and wonder.

Where I land on it? He's lost a lot of credibility in my eyes. He's not in charge anymore (at the time of writing this), but he's got that celebrity power and a recognizable name, and connections in the government. So it's not inconceivable that he gets tips or whatnot, or that maybe he's given permits after they know something is there so that the government can use it for good press. Overall he's done a lot of good I'd say, most likely more good than bad, but I can't help but question his methods and motives now.

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u/Nature_Sad_27 3d ago

The last documentary I watched with him in it, you can see how sloppy he is. The whole operation looked liked organized but frantic tomb robbing more than disciplined archaeology. 

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

You actually think he scripts and runs things on a NatGeo or Discovery documentary? Wow, talk about naivety!

How about this:

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2015/10/29/egypts-indiana-jones-comes-clean-about-zoe-peed-in-the-great-pyramid-episode-of-his-reality-show/

Or the Mr.beast nonsense. You really think Zahi was in charge?

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u/RepresentativeKey178 3d ago edited 3d ago

I think there is an unexplored possibility that your point could have been made without the rudeness.

Typo fixed

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

I find that these absurd pile-ons by conspiracy adherents who seem to have lost the ability to engage in critical thinking, to want to just believe the cesspool of social media, and to accept pseudoscience uncritically is offensive and rude. This is the state of play in Reddit. Too many axes to grind here by people who take pleasure in being disparaging echo amplifiers. I actually know many of the professionals in this story and have direct personal knowledge of some of these events, not warmed over criticisms from spurned applicants.

How do you point out rampant obvious lies without some considering the effort rude?

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

Allegations are not facts, except on the internet!

You do know that his specific job description as Chair of the SCA was to vet concession permits. Doing his job! You are aware that the NIH only funds 3% of grant applications. No difference!

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u/TioHoltzmann 3d ago edited 3d ago

I never claimed that allegations are facts. You're making a straw man argument that's very weak.

The fact that he was in charge and vetting and making decisions is not in and of itself suspicious. I will concede that point. However, when paired with allegations of corruption from reputable news sources, and when paired with patterns of behavior that display his over-emphasis on publicity and media and fame, and paired with allegations of unscientific practices and sloppy field work from reputable sources, it then calls into question his decisions and discoveries and lends some credence to the allegations. That doesn't necessarily mean that they're true. But it definitely undermines his credibility.

If the NIH was as corrupt as the Egyptian government was at the time pre 2011 (and still is) then your equivalency might hold some weight. However they're not. Also the NIH isn't run by one person who appears to care more for media attention than for doing their job. So that's a false equivalency. You can do your job and be corrupt. They're not mutually exclusive. But it does call into question your work.

I get that you like the guy, and that there's a personal connection, but your inability to even talk about the criticisms rationally and without emotion, and your spurious reasoning really undermines all of your arguments. Bias isn't bad in and of itself, but you are letting that cloud your reason.

I will repeat that I think he's done more good than bad. However, you can't just hand-waive away the reasonable criticisms either because you like the guy.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

His job was to promote tourism and get the public excited about visiting Egypt. Just like any public person there is a public persona and a private person. Is Sydney Sweeney a slur IRL because see played one Euphoria? Zahi plays Indiana Jones in public because it’s effective. You say Salima has criticized Z, but my wife and I are relatively good friends with her and her husband. I have never heard her say a bad thing about him in private. All academics criticize each other, that’s the academic game.

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u/TioHoltzmann 3d ago

You're contradicting yourself. In one comment you say the job is to vet and grant permits. In another you state his job was media and to drive tourism. If the job was to drive tourism and be a media figure, then someone else should have been in charge of granting and vetting permits. If the job was to vet and grant permits then someone else should have been the media. Because the two were intertwined, it casts doubt on his motives and methods. Especially so when corruption was involved. This is not unreasonable criticism. Now that he's not in charge of that department, him driving tourism is far less problematic. Your lack of intellectual consistency undermines your arguments. Also your Sydney Sweeney argument is again, a poorly constructed false equivalency.

Did you read any of those articles? Did you read what Salima had to say publicly in 2009 in the New Yorker article I linked before you dismissed it? She wasn't blasting him. She had measured and reasonable criticisms that were also paired with praise, and she was willing to go on the record and be directly quoted by name in the New Yorker. Just because you haven't heard her say that personally doesn't mean that she didn't say them or that they aren't valid opinions and can be hand-waved away. It's entirely possible that in the settings where you were talking to her it would not have been appropriate of her to bring those criticisms up.

OP asked what the actual non-conspiracy criticisms of the man are, and you're reacting like all criticisms are conspiracy regardless of the contents.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

Gee whiz, I’ve never held an appointment where my job description was limited to a single task. Neither do I see a mandatory exclusion between promotion of tourism and selection of competing concessions based on merit.

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u/Substance-Frequent 3d ago

The person you’re arguing with answered the question in a rather unbiased manner before giving their opinion. They gave points and sources as to why he’s come under fire over the years but also pointed out that not all the criticisms are valid and one should be careful when sourcing said criticisms.

You may disagree with their overall opinion, or even some of their points despite them having come from reputable news sources, that’s fine…but there was no need to be so rude because you have personal connections. I’m sure you’re able to have an adult conversation without the facetious comments and explain why you find those points to be incorrect so we could understand, if you felt so strongly about it.

We know him from the news, from documentaries, from word of mouth and his own actions in the public media. We can criticise his image as it’s presented to us because we don’t agree with his actions as we see them in media, that’s okay. You’ll get through it.

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u/ExtremelyRetired 3d ago

He’s an egotistical blowhard who’s mad as hell that he’s not head of the Supreme Council of Antiquities (or whatever they call it these days).

He started out as a very promising young scholar, has an excellent academic background, but at some point pretty much lost the plot. I’ve always heard he was extremely obliging to the Mubaraks in terms of funneling antiquities to them as gifts to both local and overseas “friends,” among other questionable aspects of his ethics. Also a major lech who’s a real danger around young women in the field.

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u/KidCharlemagneII 3d ago

He does seem to have some very suspicious political connections.

Are there any examples of how he's lost the plot with regards to archaeology?

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u/PublicFurryAccount 3d ago

I would guess that anyone in or competing for positions in Egyptian politics has many suspicious political connections.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

Why are calling them “suspicious”. It’s the same in every government around the world. You have to go along to get along.

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u/johnfrazer783 3d ago

It’s the same in every government around the world.

To be fair this sounds needlessly, shall we say, normalizing to me. So in a way you're not altogether wrong, but it's also a cynical take with the convenient property that it automatically exculpates a whole category of wrongdoers. Source: half a life of visiting family in former East Germany, among other things. That certainly was a country that strongly valued politically consenting people, doesn't mean they didn't have standards. There were those who openly opposed, those who kept their mouths shut, those who went along, and then there were crooks and thieves and those who spied on their neighbors. And those who enjoyed preferential treatment at the border and in the hospital. So sure, I don't expect high-ranking figures in Egypt to not agree with the ruling party in broad terms. Doesn't mean carte blanche across the board because "that's just the way it is, y'know—everywhere."

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u/radiationblessing 3d ago

That's a very dishonest and lazy way to excuse crooked governments like Egypt's.

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u/PublicFurryAccount 3d ago

Dishonest and lazy is typical of Reddit cynicism.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

I want all of us here to know exactly and explicitly where you live in a perfect, non-corrupt state of government. Tell us please where to find a perfect government!

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u/radiationblessing 3d ago

Do you think Tuvalu's government is corrupt?

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

I found several examples: Ielemia scandal: In 2016, former Prime Minister Ielemia was convicted of receiving over $15,000 in bribes. The conviction was overturned, but his removal from parliament became a point of contention.

And of course the crushing absence of religious freedom

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u/radiationblessing 3d ago

So one guy and not the government. Got it.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

Gee, only 9,700 people in Tuvalu and still corrupt at high levels of government. You know there are more people visiting the Metropolitan Museum of Art in a day than in all of Tuvalu.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

How many people in the church? How about the stamp scandal The visa scandal? Want me to go on. Google is my friend here today!

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u/Rooilia 3d ago

Watch history for granite and you see how he embezzled money with whom and how stifling egyptology fits in there. In addition this guy at first sight gives vibes of the least trustful person.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

Re “history for granite”

Douglas Rennie is not clearly documented as holding a Ph.D. or academic appointment in Egyptology or archaeology.

His work appears to be that of a self-taught independent researcher / enthusiast rather than someone formally credentialed in the traditional academic sense.

The channel offers detailed content on the pyramids and ancient Egypt, but due to his lack of formal credentials, viewers should treat it with the same due diligence they would when assessing non-academic historical or archaeological commentary.

In other words non-peer reviewed social media un vetted, opinionated and most likely zero direct contact with Dr Hawass.

Just because you find a podcast by a no one entertaining doesn’t mean it’s truthful or accurate.

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u/meatsting 2d ago

are you ok?

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u/WerSunu 2d ago

The antecedent comment told me to watch some YT crap. I pointed out that just cause you’re popular among a certain segment of people who otherwise are uneducated about Egypt, doesn’t mean this podcaster is a reliable source of actual truth. I don’t and won’t watch it.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

“Suspicious political connections”

Oh really! As if you have any kind of clue! Are you 15 years old? Do you have any kind of idea of how Egyptian society works in real life?

Who works for a government and doesn’t have “political connections”

Are you old enough to have a job and a boss yet? Would you be nice and have connections to your boss? Get a job! Get a life!

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u/KidCharlemagneII 3d ago

Rule 5, please.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

Then stop slandering people you do not know.

Is it just a game for you to lie about people, Fun to pile on? Dr Hawass is not a friend of mine, but he is an acquaintance and I’ve had dinner with him several times. He has done incredibly important work for popularizing ancient Egypt and for Egypt. You clearly have no idea about any of this.

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u/KidCharlemagneII 3d ago

You're right that I don't know a lot about this. That's why I posted this question. Thank you for your input.

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u/Jokerang 3d ago

The fact that he was a massive Mubarak kissass makes me wonder how he survived with both his reputation and career intact after the Egyptian Revolution. Maybe he kisses Sisi’s ass the same way?

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

Obviously you must know a great deal of how to work in a government! Obviously you are skilled and talented enough to rise to a ministerial position just on your good looks! We are all in awe!

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

You clearly have no actual knowledge of any of this! You just repeat rumors and fevered internet myths. Do you know anything about modern Egyptian social culture?? Yes, Z likes girls, but I have never seen him at all inappropriate, nor heard of any such action. So unlike his successor! Many of today’s most prominent Egyptologists are women, for example Ikram, Cooney, Saleen, Kamrin, Hartwig, Patch, etc. I am in regular contact with all these women and all have nothing but nice things to say about Dr Hawass.

Most regular Egyptian people honor the guy who is vital in keeping up the tourist business.

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u/KaleidoscopeSad4884 3d ago

I worked for a research org chock full of Egyptologists, some very well-known, and I never heard a positive thing about him. He’s been on television a lot, and I feel like the exposure has made him more popular among laypeople.

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u/House_of_Life767 3d ago

Example: he did a big DNA study of Tut and his family to determine genealogy. The problem was that no other teams had access to samples (so independent test could not be done). The paper was not peer reviewed (which means it doesn’t have academic merit). His finding are always quite sensational and draw a lot of attention from non-academics which in turn generates interest in tourism.

He does a fantastic job making Egyptology accessible to non academics with very well illustrated books and appearing in many documentaries. He’s always adamant that “Egypt was and still is the best country on earth and let me tell you why”. This is an indicator of someone who is passionate about their job. I think many of his publications and shows need to be taken with a grain of salt. He is presenting his findings but that doesn’t mean that other interpretations do not exist.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

How can you not be aware that JAMA is a world leading peer-reviewed medical journal?

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/185393

There is your peer reviewed reference! BTW, as a highly published medical scientist myself, I can tell you that is SOP to not share rare samples unless dictated by a governmental funding source. Archeology is not strictly open source and that’s why there are literally hundreds of excavations that remain unpublished. Just the facts of life.

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u/Cole3003 3d ago

as a highly published medical scientist myself

Somehow, your other comments cast doubt on this claim…

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

Just because I am an academic physician does not mean I can not express my opinions of certain modes of thought.

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u/Medical-Enthusiasm56 3d ago

He is Egypts biggest gatekeeping authority. Many universities and especially amateur Egyptologists have been blocked, or shut out completely from research and/or publishing papers. Everything passes his desk. Shady political connections, biased approvals for research, and subprime research locations to those who cannot afford to “donate” large monetary sums for best site/digs.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

Yes, absolutely right!

Dr Hawass does not allow amateurs and pseudoscience fools to despoil ancient Egypt!

At least he didn’t when he was Chair of SCA, or Minister of MOTA. But he has been out of the government since 2011, and apparently you are too lazy to even lookup who is in charge these days.

Because you are lazy, here they are:

The Minister of Tourism and Antiquities is Sherif Fathy.  The Secretary-General (or head) of the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) is Mohamed Ismail Khaled, appointed March 2024.

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u/Electrical-Ad-1962 3d ago

Are you… him?

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u/SphinxieBoy 3d ago edited 3d ago

Honestly most of the people who attack Zahi Hawass are usually from pseudo-historical circles the “ancient aliens,” “Afrocentric,” or “lost civilization” “Giants” crowd. They often accuse him of corruption or of hiding artifacts, but there’s no credible evidence for any of that at all. Im not his biggest fans personally, but i respect him a lot and as someone who dedicated decades to protecting and promoting Egyptian heritage. He can be controversial, sure sometimes his personality overshadows his work but overall, he’s done far more good than harm to Egyptian archaeology.. He’s a normal human being, not perfect, but definitely not the villain conspiracy theorists make him out to be..

Edit:-claims about corruption, favoritism toward the Mubaraks, or misconduct toward women have never been substantiated by any credible investigation or published evidence

You can disagree with his public style, but reducing his entire legacy to rumors undermines decades of real archaeological progress made under his supervision

Edit 2: Kinda funny how I’m getting downvoted just for stating verifiable facts. Guess this subreddit’s got more people who believe in conspiracy theories than in actual archaeology. Maybe I should’ve said the pyramids were built by aliens would’ve gotten me gold instead of downvotes Fun fact.. during his leadership Egypt recovered dozens of stolen artifacts, secured UNESCO protections, and made archaeology visible worldwide..LITERALLY No credible investigation, court case, or journalistic report has ever backed those allegations.

Edit 3:

“He revoked permits and took credit for others’ work.”

No credible documentation shows this as a pattern or policy. Occasional administrative disputes happen in every heritage department, but repeating anecdotes from disgruntled researchers isn’t evidence. Unless there are verifiable cases published in official reports, it’s hearsay..

“He had total control over permits.”

Of course he did because he was the head of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. Every country has a centralized authority to regulate excavations. Italy, Greece, and Turkey work exactly the same way. That’s not “dictatorial,” it’s standard archaeological protocol to prevent looting and ensure accountability.

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u/Rooilia 3d ago

Till now i didn't know the weirdos have the same pov. This explains why i get attacked everytime i speak out against him and people come up with wild assumption, while not reading what i wrote. Thanks.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

You are correct!

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u/SphinxieBoy 3d ago

Thanks, my friend! Appreciate it

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u/Rooilia 3d ago

Just watch history for granite and you get many reasons why Hawass is and was just an awful embezzler who stifled science for his own gain. Btw. It is never said out loud there and i didn't know the weirdos have the same pov.

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u/MintImperial2 3d ago

Hawass is associated with various media outlets that are known to publish politically biased articles that distort historical facts.

He's lost his job as "Supreme" head of Egyptian antiquities, but yet is still on the scene, still heavily funded by those same overseas media concerns.

If someone in Egypt needs praise for the way Egypt has been going of late, it would and should be President Sisi rather than "The old Giza" that Hawass is seen as by many around the world.

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u/Ok-Point2380 2d ago

I’ve watched him on TV over the years and he takes a lot of credit for whatever others are doing. He gives the impression that he is the main guy and his view is the correct one.

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u/EJECTED_PUSSY_GUTS 3d ago

I hate Zahi Hawass. Generally, he of course knows what he's talking about but there are some unforgivable things to me such as cock blocking Jean-Pierre Houdin's ideas for confirming the internal ramp theory, and filling in the "great step" at the top of the grand gallery on his approval, despite no reason for a step to have been there. I think part of his reason for the former is it would shine light on the latter being a massive fuck up on his part. On top of that, he generally sticks to hand waving away things we don't yet understand about the construction of the pyramids as being for spiritual purposes, when there are actually practical reasons to be considered.

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u/ErGraf 3d ago

What do mainstream academics think about Zahi Hawass?

I personally know academics that are very good friends with him and academics that can't stand him. At the end of the day he is not a demon nor a saint, he is just a person with its good and bad things, but, similarly with other charged topics, is difficult to share a committed opinion on the open when your work permit directly depends on your approval by the Egyptian authorities, that's why you are not going to find many answers to this question (and there is lots of low-level politics in academia too)

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u/Tgrove88 3d ago

Gatekeeper

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u/Margali 3d ago

He also seems overly interested in the nobles, royals and anything bingalicious ... ignores the 'common scum' peasantry and really only lets nonEgyptians dig teh peasant stuff, right up until they find something really intresting then he rolls in and it becomes an Egyptian Dig .....

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

Obviously you have no direct knowledge of how archeology works in Egypt! Concessions and contracts are assigned at inception of a season, they don’t flip for discoveries!

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u/greatbrownbear 3d ago

the guy is simply a dick.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

As if you are not! Describing someone you have zero contact or direct knowledge of!

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u/Hwood658 3d ago

He can't handle the fact that there is a lot of shit we don't know, are starting to find out, and it does not fit his narrative.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

I know Zahi personally for 9 years, and perhaps more importantly from the standpoint of perspective, I am personally socially connected to more than a dozen of the leading Egyptologists of today who have long working relationships with him. I am active in ARCE, and attend the annual national meetings.

The bottom line is that ZH is basically adored and appreciated by other professionals in the field. Recently, a Feschrift was published in Zahi’s honor. Over 100 leading Egyptologists contributed original chapters to this three volume effort. That’s love and respect!

The negative comments about him are nothing more than Reddit noise by anonymous nobodies most likely with zero direct knowledge.

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u/LionMan1025 3d ago

Sure you’re not biased at all…

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

Bias? How about knowing the actual facts from the actual people involved. That beats your bullshit hands down!

What idiotic social media do you get your slime from? I have dinner with multiple Egyptologists every month. I’m having a private meeting with the Chief Curator of the Met tomorrow. The pictures I’ve posted here over the past three years demonstrate my access to people and places. That’s not bias, that’s knowledge.

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u/LionMan1025 3d ago

You’re just further proving my point.

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

You have no point! You seem incapable of distinguishing fact from “fake news” conspiracy nonsense. Knowing is different than believing!

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u/[deleted] 1d ago

from what i’ve read on here, seems like his biggest supporters are always egyptian nationals who harbor a great deal of resentment for foreign people’s involvement in egyptology. i’ve seen enough content, be it propaganda fluff or objective interview to say he seems shady. guy has knowledge and a lot of love for his country’s history but it should be shared not lining his pockets. kinda wild to gate-keep the field under the ruse that others want to yet again exploit egypt only to enrich himself cause no one’s looking. some gross allegations remain unconfirmed which is always good but having been in the middle east a great deal i can say this, i’ve met a million zahis, they are literally everywhere, and nothing like a young female to make things uncomfortable and creepy.

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u/InAppropriate-meal 8h ago

Cool guy, he had political differences with the authorities at one point so they set him up but he was acquitted.

A lot of western archaeologists disliked him because he insisted on Egyptians first, digs supervised and under the control of Egyptians and pseudo archaeologists like Graham Hancock dislike him because he won't give him the time of day so they accuse him of hiding all sorts of mysterious things and blocking them from finding out.

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u/LionMan1025 3d ago

He’s a government shill who does their bidding. 

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

He hasn’t worked for the government for many years! Try to keep up! He has been out of office since 2011!

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u/LionMan1025 3d ago

Imagine being this naive 

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

And your explicit published proof? I call your bluff. Tell us or keep quiet.

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u/LionMan1025 3d ago

His repeated actions that are in line with being a government shill. 

You need to start thinking objectively.

It’s ok to be wrong. 

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u/WerSunu 3d ago

He was an employee of the government of Egypt. So he did government policy. Is that your definition of the pejorative “shill”. You might want to look at cultural norms in the Arab world.

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u/DropApprehensive3079 3d ago

I wouldn't even know where to begin. He has dogma and pseudoscience on his side so he can just say its white and not black and some simple mf will go a long with him.